Diplomacy between the Golden Horde and the Ilkhanate

Timeline

1. 1289Golden Horde-Ilkhanate border zone · SteppeIn the late 1280s the Golden Horde and Ilkhanate exchanged envoys, exchanging positions on borders, trade-route tariffs, and jointly addressing the Mamluk Sultanate. Though khanates of common origin, they had clashed repeatedly since the 1260s, and diplomatic contacts carried both alliance and probing intent.
2. 1289Caucasus region · CaucasusBoth khanates regarded Mamluk Egypt as a grave threat and discussed joint operations or trade-route blockades to weaken it. Diplomatic activity around 1289 reflected the Mongol successor states' attempts to rebuild some steppe empire coordination mechanisms, though internal divisions and conflicting interests limited actual results.