Capital of the Principality of Antioch

Timeline

1. 1098–1100Antioch · SyriaIn June 1098 the crusaders captured Antioch after an eight-month siege; Bohemond claimed the principality and established a Latin archbishop, and the city became a strategic fortress controlling the Orontes Valley and the Cilician corridor, a Latin vassal center parallel to the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
2. 1100–1105Antioch · SyriaAfter repelling a Seljuk counterattack in 1100, the principality reinforced its walls and outer castles, repaired Romanesque churches such as the Cathedral of St. Peter, and Latin nobles together with local Syrian-Armenian merchants reactivated the markets; the city's role as a forward base toward Cilicia and Aleppo was established.
3. 1101–1110Antioch · SyriaBetween 1101 and 1110 the Principality of Antioch used the city as the seat of its court and military council, dealing with the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the County of Tripoli, and the Byzantine Empire; after the Treaty of Devol in 1108 Bohemond returned to Europe, and Tancred's regency continued to use Antioch as a base for organizing defense and trade.
4. 1110–1268Antioch · SyriaAfter the 1110s the principality suffered frequent succession crises, but Antioch remained the largest city of the Latin community in Syria; after Roger of Salerno fell in the nearby Field of Blood in 1118–1119, defense pressures intensified; the city changed hands several times in the 12th–13th centuries and was systematically destroyed after Baybars' siege in 1268.