Decline of the Pagan Dynasty

Timeline

1. 1220–1225Pagan · MyanmarSuccessive kings donated large tracts of land to monasteries and granted them tax-exempt privileges; by the early 13th century, taxable arable land had sharply declined. The state struggled to maintain a standing army and court expenses, the throne's dependence on the monastery estate deepened, and administrative efficiency declined accordingly.
2. 1223–1227North of Tagaung · MyanmarHtilominlo's reign was largely peaceful; the only recorded rebellion occurred north of Tagaung and was suppressed by his commander. External shocks from the Mon, Mongols, and Shans on Pagan only emerged after the tax base further eroded in the late 13th century; it should not be written that the southern Mon had already broken away and become independent in the 1220s.
3. 1225–1230Pagan · MyanmarHtilominlo completed the Kyaukpa-hto monastery begun by his father, and built the Mahabodhi temple and the Htilominlo temple. He rarely personally handled military and administrative affairs, delegating administration to chief ministers—a precursor to the later Hluttaw. Mongol pressure did not reach Myanmar until the mid-to-late 13th century.