Galileo's Pendulum Discovery

Timeline

1. 1581–1583Pisa Cathedral · PisaAccording to tradition, Galileo observed a swinging lamp in Pisa Cathedral and noticed the period seemed unchanged as amplitude decreased, sparking his interest in pendulum isochronism, though systematic experiments were mainly carried out in Padua.
2. 1592–1597University of Padua · PaduaIn Padua, Galileo timed with his pulse and weights, systematically verifying that a pendulum's period depends on its length rather than the bob's mass, and attempted to use the pendulum for medical pulse timing and as an aid to astronomical observation, laying an experimental foundation for the pendulum clock principle.