Reforms of the Gracchi Brothers

Timeline

1. -133Rome · LazioAs tribune, Tiberius Gracchus pushed a land law limiting large estates and redistributing public land, appealing directly to the popular assembly to bypass the Senate.
2. -133Rome · LazioOn election day, senatorial faction forces attacked Tiberius and his supporters; Tiberius was killed, marking the Republic's first use of force to settle political disputes.
3. -123–-122Rome · LazioAs tribune, Gaius Gracchus advanced a package of reforms including grain subsidies, colonial foundations, and equestrian judicial rights, and attempted to extend citizenship to Rome's Italian allies.
4. -121Rome · LazioThe Senate declared an emergency; Gaius Gracchus and his supporters were hunted down, the reform faction was systematically purged, and the Gracchi's political legacy passed into an underground populist tradition.