Mongol Pursuit of Jalal al-Din

Timeline

1. 1223Kerman · Kerman ProvinceAfter returning from India, Jalal al-Din entered southeastern Iran, captured Kerman, and proclaimed himself sultan, attempting to rebuild the Khwarazm state. Some local tribes responded, but his foundations were weak and he could not withstand the Mongol imperial princes' system.
2. 1223Khorasan · KhorasanMongol princes and generals were ordered west to pursue and eliminate Jalal al-Din, and the two sides clashed repeatedly along the line from Khorasan to Isfahan. Though a capable fighter, Jalal al-Din lacked manpower and was forced to move west after each battle, unable to hold any territory firmly.
3. 1223Azerbaijan · AzerbaijanBy late 1223 Jalal al-Din had lost all recovered territory and led his remnants southwest toward the Caspian coast and Anatolia. The Mongol pursuit did not achieve complete success but had shattered any possibility of his restoring the state; thereafter Jalal al-Din wandered from place to place until he was killed by a Kurdish chief in 1231.