Romanesque Architecture and Art

Timeline

1. c. 1041–1050Burgundy and Normandy · FranceThe wave of church building driven by the Cluniac reform movement peaked in the 1040s; rounded arches and sculpted portal styles spread from Burgundy to Normandy and the Rhine valley, and cathedrals everywhere adopted Romanesque forms.
2. 1050–1150Western European countries · Western EuropeRomanesque architecture merged with local traditions in Germany, Italy, and Iberia, forming regionally distinctive variants; stone narrative carving and mural decoration grew ever richer, laying technical and aesthetic foundations for the later Gothic transformation.