Battle of Bannockburn

Timeline

1. 1313–1314Stirling Castle · ScotlandEdward Bruce besieged Stirling Castle and agreed with its captain that it would open if unreinforced by midsummer 1314. To hold this key to the Scottish heartland, Edward II mustered English nobles and Irish and Welsh troops and marched north, intending to destroy Bruce's regime in one blow.
2. 1314south bank of the Bannock Burn · ScotlandThe English vanguard reached the area of the Bannock Burn. Henry de Bohun charged Bruce single-handed and was struck down with an axe, greatly boosting Scottish morale. The same day part of the English army tried to detour toward Stirling but was intercepted by Thomas Randolph's men, and the English failed to open a way on the first day.
3. 1314field of Bannockburn · ScotlandThe next day the Scots advanced in dense spear schiltrons, with Edward Bruce, Randolph and James Douglas each commanding a division. English cavalry could not deploy in the narrow, muddy ground, longbowmen could not gain effective shooting positions, and once the line broke the English fled while Edward II broke out and fled south.
4. 1314Stirling Castle · ScotlandAfter the collapse of the English main force, Stirling Castle surrendered as agreed. The battle killed or captured many English nobles, and England's garrison system in Scotland quickly disintegrated. Bruce then turned to border raids and a struggle for diplomatic recognition, and Bannockburn became the military watershed of the Scottish war of independence.