Champa Maritime Kingdom

Timeline

1. 200–700Central Vietnamese coast · CentralCham ancestors established Indianized city-states such as Lâm Ấp along the eastern coast of the Indochinese Peninsula, introducing Sanskrit, Hinduism, and Buddhism, participating in early South China Sea trade through port settlements, and exporting spices and marine products north to Jiaozhi and south to Chenla.
2. 1000–1240Vijaya · Bình Định ProvinceAfter Champa established its capital at Vijaya, its port network prospered increasingly, trading with the Song dynasty, Srivijaya, and other polities, exporting agarwood, ambergris, and ivory, and importing silk and porcelain; Champa merchant ships were active from the South China Sea to Javanese waters.
3. 1241–1250Champa ports · CentralIn the late Southern Song period, Champa continued to pay tribute to the Song dynasty and participate in maritime trade while facing pressure from the northern Trần dynasty and competition from Javanese powers to the south. Champa sustained its kingdom's finances through port tariffs, diplomatic missions, and a spice monopoly, making it a key node in the 13th-century South China Sea trade network.
4. 1281–1471Champa · CentralAfter two failed Yuan invasions of Champa, the kingdom was restored but greatly weakened, and was thereafter steadily encroached upon by Annam (Đại Việt); Vijaya fell in 1471, ending the Champa Maritime Kingdom as an independent political entity, with remnants migrating south.