Al-Jazari's Tradition of Mechanical Automata

Timeline

1. c. 1180–1206Court workshops of northern Mesopotamia · MesopotamiaAl-Jazari designed irrigation, automatic water supply, and entertaining automata at the Artuqid court, applying cams, cranks, and linkage mechanisms to repeatable device systems.
2. 1206Diyarbakır · MesopotamiaThe work records roughly fifty mechanical devices in text and illustration, including self-playing instruments, humanoid automata, water clocks, and pump mechanisms, becoming one of the most complete systematic technical documents in the history of medieval mechanical engineering.