Peace Treaty of the First Anglo-Dutch War

Timeline

1. 1651–1652English Channel · North AtlanticIn 1651 the English Parliament issued the Navigation Act, requiring goods to be carried in English ships or ships of the country of origin, severely damaging Dutch re-export trade interests. In May 1652, English and Dutch fleets confronted each other near the North Foreland, and the war officially broke out.
2. 1652–1653North Sea · North AtlanticSeveral large-scale naval battles occurred during the war, including the Battle of Portland (February 1653) and the Battle of Scheveningen (August 1653). The renowned Dutch admiral Maarten Tromp was killed at Scheveningen; the Dutch gradually lost their naval superiority and were forced to seek peace negotiations.
3. 1654Palace of Westminster · LondonEngland and the Netherlands signed the Treaty of Westminster; the Netherlands recognized the validity of England's Navigation Act, agreed that Dutch ships in the English Channel salute the English flag, and secretly signed the Act of Exclusion barring William III of the House of Orange from the office of Dutch Stadtholder. England achieved a complete political and diplomatic victory.